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A knowledge market is a mechanism for distributing knowledge resources. There are two views on knowledge and how knowledge markets can function.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url= http://www.trg-inc.com/resources/SynopsisWorkingKnowledge.pdf )〕 One view uses a legal construct of intellectual property to make knowledge a typical scarce resource, so the traditional commodity market mechanism can be applied directly to distribute it.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url= http://www.trg-inc.com/resources/SynopsisWorkingKnowledge.pdf )〕 An alternative model is based on treating knowledge as a public good and hence encouraging free sharing of knowledge.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url= http://www.trg-inc.com/resources/SynopsisWorkingKnowledge.pdf )〕 This is often referred to as attention economy.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url= http://www.trg-inc.com/resources/SynopsisWorkingKnowledge.pdf )〕 Currently there is no consensus among researchers on relative merits of these two approaches.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url= http://www.trg-inc.com/resources/SynopsisWorkingKnowledge.pdf )〕 == History == A knowledge economy include the concept of exchanging knowledge-based products and services. However, as discussed by Stewart (1996) knowledge is very different from physical products. For example, it can be in more than one place at one time, selling it does not diminish the supply, buyers only purchase it once, and once sold, it cannot be recalled. Further, knowledge begets more knowledge in a never-ending cycle. Understanding of knowledge markets is beginning to emerge. As would be expected, they are very different in form from traditional markets. Knowledge markets have been variously described by Stewart (1996) and Simard (2000) as a mechanism for enabling, supporting, and facilitating the mobilization, sharing, or exchange of information and knowledge among providers and users. This transactional approach assumes that knowledge-based products or services are available for distribution, that someone wants to use them, and that the primary focus of the market is to connect the two. This perspective is appropriate when the market has limited or no interest or control over either the production or use of the content being exchanged, as is the case for most traditional markets. A provider-user perspective is also appropriate for emerging social networking "ideagoras" (Tapscott and Williams, 2006), in which the primary function of the market is to match existing solutions with problems and problems with those who can find solutions. From a production perspective, processes for creating wealth through the use of intellectual capital are explained by Nonaka (1991)and Leonard (1998). At the marketing end of the spectrum, a number of authors, including Bishop (1996), May (2000), and Tapscott et al. (2000) describe the architecture and processes necessary to succeed in a digital economy. Knowledge markets may also be sequential in nature. Simard (2006) describes a cyclic end-to-end knowledge-market model comprising nine stages that embed, advance, or extract value into knowledge products and services along a knowledge services value chain. The first five stages are internal to a knowledge organization (production and transfer) while the last four stages are external (intermediaries, clients, and citizens). Because the value chain cyclic, it can be used to model either a supply (post-production evaluation ) or a demand (pre-production evaluation) approach to knowledge markets. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「knowledge market」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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